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hymn · Greek

Hymn to Hermes

Hermes · Zeus · Maia
Hermes, draw near, and to my prayer incline, messenger of Zeus, and Maia's son divine; prefect of contests, ruler of mankind, with heart almighty, and a prudent mind. Celestial messenger of various skill, whose powerful arts could watchful Argos kill. With winged feet 'tis thine through air to course, O friend of man, and prophet of discourse; great life-supporter, to rejoice is thine in arts gymnastic, and in fraud divine. With power endued all language to explain, of care the loosener, and the source of gain. Whose hand contains of blameless peace the rod, Korykion, blessed, profitable God. Of various speech, whose aid in works we find, and in necessities to mortal kind. Dire weapon of the tongue, which men revere, be present, Hermes, and thy suppliant hear; assist my works, conclude my life with peace, give graceful speech, and memory's increase.
Commentarius · Commentary

The celestial Hermes — a god of business, of the market and the gymnasium. The fumigation here is frankincense, the offering of the Olympian gods; the chthonic Hermes in the same collection gets storax (orphic-hermes-chthonios-001), and the rubric declares the class at once.

Ἑρμηνεῦ πάντων — interpreter of all. The hymn asserts the very connection between Hermēs and hermēneus from which our word "hermeneutics" descends. And immediately, λόγου θνητοῖσι προφῆτα — prophet of speech to mortals: the god is called a mediator not between gods and men but between meaning and utterance.

Γυμνάσιν ὃς χαίρεις δολίαις τ᾽ ἀπάταις — you who delight in exercises and in crafty deceptions. The wrestling ground and fraud are joined by "and", without qualification: both are dexterity, and dexterity is one department. Horace brings the same qualities together just as shamelessly (mercurius-003).

Κερδέμπορε — trafficker in gain; ἐργασίαις ἐπαρωγέ — helper in enterprises. This hymn is sung by people with takings.

Εἰρήνης ὅπλον ἀμεμφές — the blameless weapon of peace. This is the caduceus: an object shaped like a weapon whose function is to stop hostilities.

Fons · Source
AuthorAnonymous (Orphic corpus)
WorkOrphic Hymns
Section28
PeriodHellenistic to Roman imperial (3rd c. BC – 2nd c. AD)
OccasionOrphic hymn to Hermes with fumigation of frankincense — invocation as patron of contests, language, gain and graceful speech
English translationThomas Taylor, 1792
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureGreek
Formhymn
DeitiesHermes, Zeus, Maia
FunctionsInvocation · Petition
SphereCivic · Personal