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hymn · Greek

Hymn to Demeter

Demeter · Persephone · Plutus
I begin to sing of rich-haired Demeter reverend goddess — of her and her trim-ankled daughter whom Aidoneus rapt away... Right blessed is he among men on earth whom they freely love: soon they do send Ploutos as guest to his great house, Ploutos who gives wealth to mortal men. And now, queen of the land of sweet Eleusis and sea-girt Paros and rocky Antron, queen, giver of good gifts, bringer of seasons, lady Deo, be gracious, you and your daughter all beauteous Persephone, and for my song grant me heart-cheering substance.
Commentarius · Commentary

The great Hymn to Demeter is the chief literary monument of the Eleusinian Mysteries: it tells how the goddess sought her daughter, came to Eleusis and founded the rites there. The card keeps the frame; the narrative is omitted (seam […]).

And here is what stands at the end. Μέγ᾽ ὄλβιος, ὅν τιν᾽ ἐκεῖναι προφρονέως φίλωνται — greatly blessed is he whom they graciously love. This is a makarismos, a beatitude formula familiar from mystery texts: to the initiate a better lot is promised.

And what makes it better is stated immediately: "at once they send into his great house, to dwell at his hearth, Ploutos, who gives wealth to mortal men". Ploutos is Wealth, and he moves in as a lodger.

The Mysteries held out hope of a different fate after death; the closing prayer of their own hymn asks for money. For a Greek there is no contradiction: a goddess's blessing is expressed in visible plenty, and hope beyond death does not cancel the demand for profit in this life. Both requests stand side by side, and the one about the house and its wealth comes last.

The hymn's final line is missing from the card's translation and is not given here.

Fons · Source
AuthorAnonymous (Homeric corpus)
WorkHomeric Hymns
Section2
Periodarchaic Greek (7th-6th c. BC)
Occasionopening and closing of the long Homeric Hymn to Demeter — narrating the rape of Persephone and ending with prayer for wealth and song-giving
English translationHugh G. Evelyn-White, 1914
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureGreek
Formhymn
FunctionsInvocation · Petition
SphereAgricultural