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hymn · Greek

Hymn to Dionysus Bassareus

Dionysus
Come, blessed Dionysos, various-named, bull-faced, begot from thunder, Bakkhos famed. Bassaros God, of universal might, whom swords and blood and sacred rage delight: in heaven rejoicing, mad, loud-sounding God, furious inspirer, bearer of the rod: by Gods revered, who dwellest with humankind, propitious come, with much rejoicing mind.
Commentarius · Commentary

Seven lines, and they contain the whole Orphic version of the god.

Πυρίσπορε — fire-begotten: Semele burned at Zeus' epiphany, and the infant was snatched from the flame. Ταυρομέτωπε — bull-fronted: in Orphic myth the Titans tore apart the child Dionysus in the form of a bull, and from his remains mankind arose. Two epithets in the first line — and in them the birth from fire and the dismemberment in bull shape, that is, the whole Orphic story, which was closed to the uninitiated.

Ὃς ξίφεσιν χαίρεις ἠδ᾽ αἵματι Μαινάσι θ᾽ ἁγναῖς — you who rejoice in swords and in blood and in the pure Maenads. The word "pure" stands next to blood with no transition at all: purity here is ritual, not moral, and tearing a victim apart does not breach it.

Βαρύμηνι — heavy in wrath. The petitioner names the danger aloud while inviting it in.

And it all ends thus: "come, blessed one, leaping, bringing great gladness to all". Of a god just described in terms of swords, blood and heavy wrath, cheerfulness is requested. The same move occurs in Seneca, where the Theban chorus praises Bacchus with a catalogue of his reprisals (seneca-bacchus-001).

Fons · Source
AuthorAnonymous (Orphic corpus)
WorkOrphic Hymns
Section45
PeriodHellenistic to Roman imperial (3rd c. BC – 2nd c. AD)
OccasionOrphic hymn to Dionysus — invocation of the bull-faced thunder-born god
English translationThomas Taylor, 1792
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureGreek
Formhymn
DeitiesDionysus
FunctionsInvocation
Spherefertility