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hymn · Greek

Hymn to Hermes

Hermes · Zeus · Maia
I sing of Hermes Kyllenios, Argeiphontes, lord of Kyllene and Arkadia rich in flocks, luck-bringing messenger of the deathless gods. He was born of Maia, the daughter of Atlas, when she had made love with Zeus — a shy goddess she. Ever she avoided the throng of the blessed gods and lived in a shadowy cave, and there Kronion used to lie with the rich-tressed Nymphe at dead of night, while white-armed Hera lay bound in sweet sleep: and neither deathless god nor mortal man knew it. And so hail to you, Son of Zeus and Maia; with you I have begun: now I will turn to another song! Hail, Hermes, giver of grace, guide, and giver of good things!
Commentarius · Commentary

A short prelude, and its first lines repeat word for word the opening of the great Hymn to Hermes (homeric-hermes-001). This is how such pieces were assembled: a ready opening plus an ending of one's own (on which see homeric-demeter-002).

What is its own here is the account of the conception, and all of it is about concealment. Maia "shunned the company of the blessed gods, dwelling in a shadowy cave", Zeus came to her "in the dead of night, while sweet sleep held white-armed Hera", and "it escaped both the immortal gods and mortal men".

That is, praise of the god consists in describing a successful deception. There is no censure and no awkwardness: concealment is listed among the merits, because it is a property of Hermes himself and not merely a circumstance of his birth.

Λάνθανε — it went unnoticed. The god of thieves, messengers and night journeys is conceived in an undetected act, and the hymn records this as his first mark. Nature is inherited from circumstances.

Ἀργειφόντης, Argus-slayer, is his standing title: Hermes lulled and killed hundred-eyed Argus, whom Hera had set to watch. Sleep and the evasion of a guard are a family business here too.

Fons · Source
AuthorAnonymous (Homeric corpus)
WorkHomeric Hymns
Section18
Periodarchaic Greek (7th-4th c. BC)
OccasionHomeric Hymn 18 to Hermes — short invocation of the Cyllenian god born from Zeus and Maia in secret
English translationHugh G. Evelyn-White, 1914
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureGreek
Formhymn
DeitiesHermes, Zeus, Maia
FunctionsInvocation · Praise
SphereCivic