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ritual · Roman

Prayer to Vulcan

Vulcan
Holy Vulcanus, foremost of those who cherish this place, to You we pray for peace. Grant Your ultimate assistance to the tired and worn, and, if no one here merits punishment for some noxious crime, may You have mercy on all their souls and allow them to reach Your purifying fountains. Three times they invoke Your name, three times they pour rich incense upon the focal fire, and strew the altar with auspicious boughs in Your honor.
Commentarius · Commentary

Grattius Faliscus is the author of the only surviving Roman poem on hunting, and this passage comes from near its end: by the surrounding lines, huntsmen are bringing sick dogs to a shrine of Vulcan to be purified at a sacred spring.

Vulcan is named neither as smith nor as god of fire but as incola of the holy place — its "sacred dweller". This is a local deity, tied to the spring and the cave; he is prayed to as the owner of the ground one has entered, not as a figure of myth.

The request is framed forensically: "if there is no fault deserving so great a penalty — have pity". The sickness is understood as a punishment, and the first move is to contest the grounds of the sentence; mercy is asked only afterwards.

The last line and a half are not prayer but stage direction: three times they call, three times they pour incense, an altar is built of auspicious boughs. The poet shows the rite from outside immediately after giving it from within.

Fons · Source
AuthorGrattius Faliscus
WorkCynegetica
Section437-442
Periodlate 1st c. BC / early 1st c. AD
Occasionritual prayer to Vulcanus at a purifying cult site — hunters' invocation for mercy and cleansing, with threefold invocation, incense and auspicious boughs
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureRoman
Formritual
DeitiesVulcan
FunctionsPetition · Protection
SphereHealing · Civic