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hymn · Greek

Prayer to Poseidon

Poseidon · Amphitrite · the Nereids
Highest of the gods, lord of the sea, Poseidon of the golden trident, earth-shaker in the swelling brine, around thee the finny monsters in a ring swim and dance, with nimble flingings of their feet leaping lightly, snub-nosed hounds with bristling neck, swift runners, music-loving dolphins, sea-nurslings of the Nereid maids divine, whom Amphitrite bore, even they that carried me, a wanderer on the Sikelian main, to the headland of Tainarion in Pelops' land, mounting me upon their humped backs as they clove the furrow of Nereus' plain, a path untrodden, when deceitful men had cast me from their sea-faring hollow ship into the purple swell of sea.
Commentarius · Commentary

Arion the citharode was robbed and thrown overboard by sailors; he finished his song, and a dolphin carried him to Cape Taenarum. Herodotus tells the story; Aelian, seven hundred years later, also supplies the hymn Arion is supposed to have composed in thanksgiving.

The thanks here are given obliquely: Poseidon is praised through his creatures. More than half the text is about dolphins — "gilled swimming beasts", "snub-nosed, bristle-necked, swift-running puppies, lovers of the Muses". Compound epithets are heaped up in the dithyrambic manner, and the rescuers named are not the god but his retinue; his is the credit of an owner.

Lovers of the Muses is a substantive argument: the dolphins came for the song. The rescued singer explains his rescue by his own profession.

The provenance requires a caveat. Arion lived in the seventh century BC, and the hymn, were it genuine, would be the oldest text in this collection. But its language and manner are later, and scarcely any scholar takes these verses for archaic: this is in all likelihood a learned composition of Hellenistic or later date, put into a legendary man's mouth. Herodotus, who knew the story, quotes no hymn at all.

Fons · Source
AuthorArion (preserved by Aelian)
WorkAelian, On Animals
Section12.45
Periodarchaic Greek (preserved by Aelian, 2nd-3rd c. AD)
Occasionthanksgiving hymn of the poet Arion to Poseidon — composed after the dolphins rescued him at Cape Taenarum from the murderous sailors who had thrown him into the sea
Classificatio · Taxonomy
CultureGreek
Formhymn
DeitiesPoseidon, Amphitrite, the Nereids
FunctionsGratitude · Praise
SphereNavigation